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Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of distinction with which an academic degree was earned. This system is primarily used in Indonesia, Philippines, United States, and many countries of continental Europe, although some institutions use translations of these phrases rather than the Latin originals. The honours distinction should not be confused with the "postgraduate" (With) Honours or Cum Honore degree, which is the continuation of a completed (Honours) Bachelor's degree program in the same field e.g. in Australian, South African, Canadian, and New Zealand universities. Generally, a college's or university's regulations set out definite criteria to be met in order for a student to obtain a given honors distinction. For example, the student might be required to achieve a specific grade point average, to submit an honors thesis for evaluation, to be part of an honors program, or to graduate early. Each university sets its own standards, and since these standards may vary widely it is possible for the same level of Latin honors conferred by different institutions to represent contrasting levels of academic achievement. Similarly, some institutions may grant equivalent (or additional) non-Latin honors to undergraduates. The University of Wisconsin-Madison, for example, has a series of plain English grading honors based on class standing.〔(Undergraduate grading honors )〕 These honors, when they are used, are almost always awarded to undergraduates earning their bachelor's, and, with the exception of law school graduates, much more rarely to graduate students receiving their master's or doctorate degree. The honor is typically indicated on the diploma. Latin honors are often conferred upon law school students graduating as a Juris Doctor or J.D., in which case they are generally based upon class rank or grade point average. ==Types== Many institutes confer three levels of Latin honors, as follows, although some do not use the third: *''cum laude'', meaning "with praise" (or "with honor").〔The usual translation of ''laude'' from Latin is "with praise".〕 * * In classical Latin it possibly would have been pronounced: * * *International Phonetic Alphabet: /kʊm laʊ̯dɛ/ * * * Wikipedia Pronunciation Respelling: * *In modern English it is usually pronounced either or . *''magna cum laude'', meaning "with great honor" * * In classical Latin it possibly would have been pronounced: * * * International Phonetic Alphabet: /maŋna kʊm laʊ̯dɛ/ * * * Wikipedia Pronunciation Respelling: *''summa cum laude'', meaning "with highest honor" * * In classical Latin it possibly would have been pronounced: * * * International Phonetic Alphabet: /sʊmmɑ kʊm laʊ̯dɛ/ * * *Wikipedia Pronunciation Respelling: A fourth distinction, ''egregia cum laude'', "with outstanding honor", has occasionally appeared. It was created to recognize students who earned the same grade point average required for the ''summa'' honor, but who did so while pursuing a more rigorous honors curriculum. A rarely-used distinction, ''maxima cum laude'', "with very great honor", is an intermediary honor between the ''magna'' and the ''summa'' honors. It is sometimes used when the ''summa'' honor is reserved only for students with a perfect academic record.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.up.edu/registrar/default.aspx?cid=2912&pid=900 )〕 Absence of honors may be indicated by simply not stating any honors (as is usual in the United States and Indonesia), or explicitly marked as ''rite'', meaning "duly". This indicates that the degree requirements have been satisfied, and is done in Germany and some other continental European countries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Latin honors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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